IDA: International Design and Art Journal

Experiences on "Covid-19 pandemic" in urban design course education

Sinem Tapkı — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Today, it is observed that the current architectural planning of public spaces, squares, streets, parks and buildings can disappear and change over time, as the Covid-19 pandemic is easily effective on people and settlements on a global and regional scale. The aim of the study, which takes these changes into consideration, is to open the solution suggestions to the discussion in the process of simultaneously exploring the grounded problems while sharing the experiences of the pandemic process within the education of urban design course students. A study was carried out that was interpreted with participant interaction. Current pandemic experiences were utilized within the process of stratifying the structured opinions. The constructivist grounded theory of qualitative research pattern forms the skeleton of this solution-seeking study. Considering the interview answers made with the students, it has been observed that they gave many answers, as well as suggestions for solutions, that the pandemic will experience changes, especially in urban and public spaces and residences. It is noteworthy that the city and the surrounding areas in which they live are uniform places that do not respond to the requests of the users during the pandemic process and that the students realize the inadequacies of these uniform spaces.

Determination of user preferences in re-functioning of end of life mobile vehicles

Mehmet Lütfi Hidayetoğlu, Kübra Aksoy Özler — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

There is movement in every area of life where people exist. Mobile vehicles are one of the important public transportation vehicles that provide movement at the city scale. In a continuous cycle, these vehicles cannot meet the needs over time and are replaced with new ones depending on the developing technology. Mobile vehicles that remain idle or no longer used are left to rot. It is possible to transform and reuse unused mobile devices. Within the scope of the research, examples of trams that have been re-functionalized in the world were examined, and the historical and technical features of Konya’s old tramway wagons were included This study aims to determine the users’ location-based function preferences in order to transform the tram wagons, which are idle in the province of Konya, to gain a new function. In the research method, valid and reliable semantic differentiation scales were used in spatial perception studies. Five different functional groups that tram wagons can transform into were determined, and 77 people residing in Konya were asked to evaluate these function proposals with an online questionnaire. As a result of the study, the tram cafe-restaurant, the tram class-workshop-library and the tram kiosk-grocer-market were welcomed; tram hotel-dormitory-pension and tram housing were rated more negatively. As a result of the study, the tram cafe-restaurant, the tram class-workshop-library, and the tram kiosk-grocer-market were welcomed; tram hotel-dormitory-pension and tram housing were rated more negatively.

Exploring page layout principles in Iranian manuscripts: A comprehensive review from Seljuk to Safavid Era

Haniyeh Safari, Sahar Aghasafari — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the historical development of Iranian manuscripts and their significance as a platform for artists. The focus is on the page layout of Iranian manuscripts from Seljuk to Safavid Era, aiming to understand the evolution of book design styles. By analyzing various samples, the study reveals the presence of clear and systematic principles governing the page layout of Iranian manuscripts during these eras. The findings suggest that these historical layouts can be extracted and imitated to revive the page layout of modern books. The research employs documentary study methods to examine different sections of Iranian manuscripts, including text and image pages, table of contents pages, cover pages, title pages (Sarlouh), and beginning pages. Each section follows specific visual methods for organizing elements and combining different parts. Over time, the principles of page layout within each category have undergone changes influenced by the artistic principles of the respective era. The article specifically investigates the title (Sarlouh) and the beginning pages of a manuscript to illustrate their interplay and evolution.

Digital environment and interaction in design education

Özge Demirbaş, Meltem Eranıl — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Traditional education techniques are shifting and changing today because of national and international advances, as well as digitization. With the Covid-19 evolution, institutional application-based design education has also had to transition to the online environment. In this study, while the effects and results of the online environment in design education were investigated, the interaction between the interfaces of learning management systems (LMS), which are digital platforms, and the student was examined. Under the interface-student interaction, student-instructor, student-student, and student-content were investigated. The study aims to examine student interaction through the “Sakai” and “Blackboard” interfaces used in online education in two universities providing design education in Izmir. Among the user research methods, focus group interviews and online surveys on behavioral, attitudinal, and qualitative axes were completed, and qualitative content analysis of the data obtained was conducted. In this study, the reasons why the platforms and interfaces used are not preferred in terms of interaction, the role and importance of other communication tools used by the students were investigated. Students stated that their interaction through the LMS was low, and it was observed that the level of interaction was less than in the physical environment. However, when interaction with other tools and platforms used in online education is taken into consideration, the level of interaction has increased to a higher level. This study, which was conducted by taking the current thoughts and comments of the students, is aimed to contribute to the development of future user-oriented digital designs and the existing online conditions in design education.

Understanding the relationship between architecture and topography in spatial terms: The case of Seattle Central Library

Nazmiye Nurdoğan, Ayşe Şentürer — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to present the concept of topography as a multi-layered entity and an active given of the architectural design process. Different from the discussions on topography in architecture which reduce topography to its mere physical characteristics, this study’s theoretical framework redefines topography in figural and spatial layers and discusses how they are interpreted in the architectural design practice. To further investigate the insights in the theoretical framework, the case study method is instrumentalized via spatial analysis of the Seattle Central Library. The spatial analysis of the library involves figure ground map and public use diversity and access maps. Accordingly, the diagrammatic representation, the site plan and site section of the project are redrawn in the urban scale of 1:1000 and the building scale of 1:200. Consequently, the design of the Seattle Central Library presented hybrid spaces that are nurtured from connections to the spatial and figural layers of topography. The manipulation of the building envelope, the continuity of the ground floor line and programmatic flexibility of the library’s spaces were critical elements to integrate to the urban topography to create interstitial situations in connection to both figural and spatial layers.

Immaterial in architecture: A conceptual review

Nil Aynalı — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to provide a critical investigation of how the concept of immaterial in architecture takes place in different approaches, including its variations and connotations, and explore the potential horizons of the problem. The investigation is based on academic architectural literature reached through ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar scientific databases. Following a qualitative research approach, the study provides a critical reading that employs a mixed method combining conceptual review and reflexive thematic analysis. As a methodology, a keyword search about immaterial, covering connotations of the concept, is conducted in architectural academic literature. The findings, located under three themes, are related to two different paradigms; the positivist/materialist paradigm and the existentialist/ontological paradigm. The positivist paradigm, which adopts Cartesian subject-object distinction, is statistically dominant in literature. In contrast, the existentialist/ontological paradigm, which adopts subject-object unity, is statistically recessive even though the existentialist/ontological paradigm corresponds to the literal meaning of immaterial. This approach’s strong relation to the problem is found worth investigating deeper, and the research is expanded to include the terms metaphysical, ontological, and existential, which are connotations of immaterial. In conclusion, just as the immaterial aspects condition the formation of the space at a material level in the materialist paradigm, the ontological concepts in the existentialist paradigm are evaluated as immaterial aspects that condition the formation of the space and spatial experience at an ontological level.

Examination of incomplete forms as event architecture in Kemaleddin Behzad’s painting

Zeynel Dündar — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines a painting by Kemaleddin Behzad, a Persian miniaturist who utilized space to represent events and action. Within the context of this study, a comparative analysis is conducted between two paintings from the Renaissance period and Behzad’s painting, which focuses on the same historical subject. The purpose of this analysis is to elucidate that Persian painting provides the viewer with an experience through the expression of spatial forms lacking depth and completeness. The method used in the study is an interpretative phenomenological approach that analyzes the paintings independently of historical, technical, and stylistic elements. An additional aim is to explore how non-architectural practices can provide insight into architecture as a multi-disciplinary and multi-practice phenomenon. Here, the completion and incompletion of spatial forms were analyzed in relation to time. As a result, through analysis, it has been determined that finalized spatial forms directly reflect an immediate reality, whereas incomplete or altered forms represent a subjective experience.

Re-functioning within the scope of conservation awareness in interior architecture education: The case of Paşalimanı Flour Factory

Neşe Başak Yurttaş, Tuba Terece — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Re-functioning is one of the most important fields of study for architects, interior architects, and designers to have an awareness of the protection of existing cultural buildings. It is possible for historical buildings of cultural importance that have lost their function to come to life in the city through re-functioning. In this direction, to protect cultural assets and transfer them to future generations, the subject of Biruni University Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, 2021-2022 Spring Semester, Interior Architecture Project IV course was determined as temporary accommodation design and Üsküdar Paşalimanı Flour Factory which is located in Istanbul/Turkey was given as the project area. Within the scope of the study, the students were expected to design the building, which is idle in the city, with a temporary accommodation function, taking into account the cultural and social needs of the region. Out of 21 student projects that were successful in the project studio, 10 projects were selected to form the non-random analog sample of the study. In the study, a biaxial methodology was used and the extent to which the student projects approached the evaluation criteria determined by using the “causal comparison model”, one of the quantitative research methods, was presented in a table. As a result, when the student works are evaluated, it is seen that different design approaches that both consider the integrity of the building and bring contemporary suggestions have been developed and the importance of the concept of conservation has been adopted to a great extent.

An evaluation on international curricula and course diversity in animation education: Examples of US, UK, EU and TR

Onur Toprak, Levent Çoruh — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the diversity and distribution of courses in animation curricula at the undergraduate level in different countries. Within the scope of the study, 1030 courses in animation undergraduate education programs in 52 different universities, including the USA, Europe, the UK, Cyprus, Singapore and Turkey, were examined. Document analysis method, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study, and the data were interpreted descriptively. A course name-university matrix, a specification table showing the university-department and compulsory-elective course status of the courses was prepared, and the course diversity was analyzed in frequency and percentage values. As a result of the research, it was seen that there are courses with similar content with different names, and different content with the same name, and the courses are divided into three main groups: traditional applied courses, digital applied courses, and theoretical courses. In the US, TR, UK and EU, traditional-based courses are more prevalent with 63%, while digital-based courses are 37%. In terms of applied courses, it was observed that traditional-based courses were more prevalent in the US (62%), UK (58%) and TR (57%) programs compared to digital-based courses, apart from the EU programs, which had a rate of 48% and lagged digital-based courses. In terms of the distribution of compulsory and elective courses, it was concluded that compulsory courses are proportionally higher in US (75%), UK (65%), EU (76%) and TR (61%) programs.

Evaluation of artificial intelligence and aesthetics based on Van Gogh’s Starry Night painting

Mustafa Cevat Atalay — Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The main purpose of this study is to examine, understand and evaluate the aesthetic role of artificial intelligence, which has become increasingly effective in art production in recent years. The article focuses on the artistic creation and aesthetic concepts of artificial intelligence. The research examines the effects of artificial intelligence on artistic creation and the role of this technology on artistic aesthetics through Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” painting. In the article, the descriptive analysis method, one of the qualitative research techniques, and the composition method were applied when interpreting the visuals. In this context, a review and interpretation were made on six studies created with artificial intelligence. The plastic state of the images was revealed and interpreted according to the composition method, art and design principles and elements. According to the research results, works produced with artificial intelligence have aesthetic components of original works of art. However, works produced with artificial intelligence also show some important aesthetic differences from traditional works of art. These differences include color and application, repetition of the prompt and self-development. Artificial intelligence offers an aesthetic experience that changes, expands or clearly reveals the boundaries of traditional artworks. It is understood that artificial intelligence, which applies the formal language of artists through deep learning, has limited potential to convey the emotional expression of the artist. Visuals produced by artificial intelligence seem to create a unique aesthetic while being successful in emulating traditional creative works.